-
Differences between a reverse proxy, a load balancer, and an API gateway.
Feature Reverse Proxy Load Balancer API Gateway Main purpose A hotel’s concierge handles guest requests. Distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers. Provides a single entry point for API requests to microservices. Core task Routes requests to the appropriate backend. Distributes traffic to prevent server overload. Manages requests and responses between a client and microservices.…
-
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) v/s Microservices Architecture
The difference between Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Microservices Architecture lies mainly in granularity, design philosophy, technology stack, and deployment strategy. 🔑 High-Level Summary: Feature SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) Microservices Architecture Granularity Coarse-grained (larger services) Fine-grained (smaller, focused services) Communication Often uses Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) Lightweight protocols like HTTP/REST, gRPC Technology Stack Tends to be more…
-
🔍GraphQL – In-Depth Study Sheet
🧠 What is GraphQL? GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for executing those queries by using a type system you define for your data. 🏗️ How It Works Returns a nested JSON response with just the requested fields. ✅ Advantages of GraphQL Benefit Explanation 🧩 Client-defined Queries Clients specify the exact…
-
Software Design Principles and Architectural Strategies
1. DRY (Don’t Repeat Yourself) 2. KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) 3. YAGNI (You Aren’t Gonna Need It) 4. SoC (Separation of Concerns) 5. SOLID Principles 6. Dependency Rule 7. Scaling 📈 🔹 Vertical Scaling (Scale-Up) Definition: Increase resources (CPU, RAM, Disk) on a single server. 🔹 Horizontal Scaling (Scale-Out) Definition: Add more machines to…
-
Different types of Software Architecture Patterns Overview
1. Monolithic 2. N-Layer / N-Tier 3. Clean Architecture 4. Modular Monolithic 5. Headless Architecture 6. Microservices Comparison Table Architecture Description Advantages Disadvantages Use Cases Monolithic Single unified application with tightly coupled components. Simple to develop and deploy. Hard to scale, tightly coupled, difficult to maintain. Small applications or early-stage products. N-Layer / N-Tier Logical…
-
JVM Architecture
The JVM (Java Virtual Machine) architecture is a crucial part of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) that enables Java applications to run on any device or operating system without modification. Here’s a breakdown of its core components: Absolutely! Let’s walk through a simple Java program and see how it flows through the JVM architecture step…
-
Gatherer API
Introduced in Java 24, the Gatherer API is a powerful way to define custom intermediate operations in a Stream pipeline — something you couldn’t do easily before. It’s like a customizable version of map(), filter(), and flatMap(), but with more control and state awareness. Feature Traditional Stream Ops (map, filter, findFirst) Gatherer API Custom intermediate…
-
Computer Processor & Threading Cheat Sheet
Feature Process (e.g., Google Chrome) Thread (A Tab in Chrome) Analogy A self-contained Kitchen A Cook working in the kitchen Resources Has its own private memory & resources Shares memory with other threads in its process Weight Heavyweight (slow to create) Lightweight (fast to create) Isolation Isolated from other processes (stable) Not isolated from its…
-
Virtual Threads in Java
Virtual Threads v/s Platform (Normal) Threads Aspect Virtual Threads Platform Threads Thread Type Lightweight, managed by JVM, multiplexed on few OS threads Heavyweight, directly mapped to OS threads Creation Cost Very low; can create millions High; limited by OS and memory Blocking Behavior Cheap; JVM suspends and reuses carrier threads Expensive; blocks OS thread Best…